Population
Population
The world population in 2023 was 8,091,734,931. India was the largest with 1,438,069,596, and the median age worldwide was 30.8 years.
population(year) = population(year − 1) + births − deaths + net migration
Source: UN World Population Prospects 2024
What moves a population
Three terms: births, deaths, and net migration. In most countries births and deaths dominate, and the population grows because deaths have fallen faster than births. Migration matters enormously for small countries and is nearly invisible in the world total.
The age structure
Median age is the age that splits the population in half. A country with a median age of 18 has half its people under 18; one with 48 has half over 48. The two require completely different numbers of schools and hospitals, which is why the figure appears next to population rather than on its own.
World figures on this page are birth-weighted averages of the 237 national values, computed by us from the published series. They are not UN-published world aggregates; the formula for each is stated above.
Urban and rural
The urban share is the proportion living in areas the country classifies as urban. The definition differs between countries, so cross-country comparisons carry more noise than the precision of the number suggests. We use it as a context variable in the simulation and label it as approximate.
Population
| # | Country | Population | Median age | Urban share | Net migration |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | India | 1,438,069,596 | 28.1 | 35.1% | −979,179,000 |
| 2 | China | 1,422,584,933 | 39.1 | 65.5% | −567,724,000 |
| 3 | United States of America | 343,477,335 | 38.0 | 80.1% | +1,322,668,000 |
| 4 | Indonesia | 281,190,067 | 29.8 | 58.1% | −37,501,000 |
| 5 | Pakistan | 247,504,495 | 20.3 | 38.8% | −1,619,557,000 |
| 6 | Nigeria | 227,882,945 | 17.8 | 62.2% | −57,936,000 |
| 7 | Brazil | 211,140,729 | 33.9 | 87.6% | −240,059,000 |
| 8 | Bangladesh | 171,466,990 | 25.3 | 32.2% | −549,918,000 |
| 9 | Russian Federation | 145,440,500 | 39.5 | 75.0% | +27,807,000 |
| 10 | Mexico | 129,739,759 | 28.9 | 79.5% | −101,044,000 |
| 11 | Ethiopia | 128,691,692 | 18.7 | 23.1% | −11,996,000 |
| 12 | Japan | 124,370,947 | 49.0 | 92.1% | +175,003,000 |
| 13 | Philippines | 114,891,199 | 25.3 | 55.1% | −164,284,000 |
| 14 | Egypt | 114,535,772 | 24.0 | 42.7% | +305,006,000 |
| 15 | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 105,789,731 | 15.8 | 44.4% | −14,992,000 |
| 16 | Viet Nam | 100,352,192 | 32.4 | 38.1% | −81,789,000 |
| 17 | Iran (Islamic Republic of) | 90,608,707 | 32.9 | 76.7% | +262,044,000 |
| 18 | Türkiye | 87,270,502 | 32.5 | 89.0% | −318,070,000 |
| 19 | Germany | 84,548,231 | 45.1 | 81.9% | +609,553,000 |
| 20 | Thailand | 71,702,435 | 39.7 | 60.9% | +19,648,000 |
| 21 | United Kingdom | 68,682,962 | 39.8 | 83.2% | +445,523,000 |
| 22 | United Republic of Tanzania | 66,617,606 | 17.2 | 35.5% | −39,388,000 |
| 23 | France | 66,438,822 | 41.8 | 78.8% | +91,862,000 |
| 24 | South Africa | 63,212,384 | 28.2 | 63.6% | +228,222,000 |
| 25 | Italy | 59,499,453 | 47.5 | 69.5% | +150,189,000 |
| 26 | Kenya | 55,339,003 | 19.5 | 31.6% | −10,003,000 |
| 27 | Myanmar | 54,133,798 | 29.5 | 30.4% | −34,989,000 |
| 28 | Colombia | 52,321,152 | 31.6 | 78.3% | +154,521,000 |
| 29 | Republic of Korea | 51,748,739 | 44.5 | 81.2% | +87,800,000 |
| 30 | Sudan | 50,042,791 | 18.3 | 34.8% | −1,349,998,000 |
| 31 | Uganda | 48,656,601 | 16.5 | 30.6% | −126,181,000 |
| 32 | Spain | 47,911,580 | 44.9 | 80.1% | +119,099,000 |
| 33 | Algeria | 46,164,219 | 28.2 | 74.7% | −25,963,000 |
| 34 | Argentina | 45,538,401 | 32.1 | 92.2% | +4,133,000 |
| 35 | Iraq | 45,074,049 | 20.3 | 69.9% | −5,710,000 |
| 36 | Afghanistan | 41,454,761 | 16.9 | 25.5% | −48,958,000 |
| 37 | Yemen | 39,390,799 | 18.2 | 36.6% | −5,233,000 |
| 38 | Canada | 39,299,104 | 40.3 | 82.5% | +433,842,000 |
| 39 | Poland | 38,762,844 | 41.3 | 59.9% | −7,824,000 |
| 40 | Ukraine | 37,732,836 | 42.0 | 69.5% | −299,961,000 |
| 41 | Morocco | 37,712,505 | 29.2 | 62.7% | −39,650,000 |
| 42 | Angola | 36,749,906 | 16.5 | 69.9% | −995,000 |
| 43 | Uzbekistan | 35,652,307 | 26.9 | 51.0% | −6,004,000 |
| 44 | Malaysia | 35,126,298 | 30.1 | 76.4% | +181,071,000 |
| 45 | Peru | 33,845,617 | 29.5 | 84.8% | +24,783,000 |
| 46 | Ghana | 33,787,914 | 20.9 | 57.8% | −10,003,000 |
| 47 | Mozambique | 33,635,160 | 16.3 | 35.7% | −36,276,000 |
| 48 | Saudi Arabia | 33,264,292 | 29.2 | 84.3% | +325,691,000 |
| 49 | Madagascar | 31,195,932 | 18.9 | 32.0% | −1,487,000 |
| 50 | Côte d'Ivoire | 31,165,654 | 18.1 | 53.4% | +6,002,000 |
| 51 | Nepal | 29,694,614 | 24.7 | 66.5% | −409,782,000 |
| 52 | Cameroon | 28,372,687 | 17.8 | 55.1% | −4,798,000 |
| 53 | Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) | 28,300,854 | 29.0 | 89.2% | −112,899,000 |
| 54 | Australia | 26,451,124 | 37.8 | 87.5% | +140,232,000 |
| 55 | Dem. People's Republic of Korea | 26,418,204 | 36.0 | 63.5% | −1,997,000 |
| 56 | Niger | 26,159,867 | 15.2 | 17.8% | +995,000 |
| 57 | Mali | 23,769,127 | 15.5 | 31.0% | −39,953,000 |
| 58 | Syrian Arab Republic | 23,594,623 | 22.2 | 72.2% | +757,309,000 |
| 59 | China, Taiwan Province of China | 23,317,145 | 43.5 | 81.2% | −32,777,000 |
| 60 | Burkina Faso | 23,025,776 | 17.3 | 27.8% | −24,957,000 |
| 61 | Sri Lanka | 22,971,617 | 32.8 | 20.1% | −28,011,000 |
| 62 | Malawi | 21,104,482 | 17.6 | 17.0% | −5,811,000 |
| 63 | Zambia | 20,723,965 | 17.5 | 45.0% | +9,521,000 |
| 64 | Kazakhstan | 20,330,104 | 29.5 | 61.8% | −4,822,000 |
| 65 | Chile | 19,658,835 | 36.0 | 88.8% | +62,679,000 |
| 66 | Chad | 19,319,064 | 15.4 | 26.3% | +496,830,000 |
| 67 | Romania | 19,118,479 | 42.6 | 52.2% | −27,780,000 |
| 68 | Somalia | 18,358,615 | 15.4 | 54.1% | +46,217,000 |
| 69 | Guatemala | 18,124,838 | 22.6 | 55.6% | −8,940,000 |
| 70 | Netherlands | 18,092,524 | 41.4 | 95.3% | +144,558,000 |
| 71 | Senegal | 18,077,573 | 19.1 | 54.7% | −9,999,000 |
| 72 | Ecuador | 17,980,083 | 28.4 | 63.1% | −21,948,000 |
| 73 | Cambodia | 17,423,880 | 25.8 | 40.6% | −31,837,000 |
| 74 | Zimbabwe | 16,340,822 | 17.8 | 39.3% | −97,380,000 |
| 75 | Guinea | 14,405,468 | 18.0 | 37.6% | −3,997,000 |
| 76 | Benin | 14,111,034 | 17.8 | 51.7% | −192,000 |
| 77 | Rwanda | 13,954,472 | 19.4 | 28.9% | −9,001,000 |
| 78 | Burundi | 13,689,450 | 15.9 | 23.6% | +1,995,000 |
| 79 | Bolivia (Plurinational State of) | 12,244,160 | 24.7 | 70.9% | −3,008,000 |
| 80 | Tunisia | 12,200,431 | 32.1 | 70.0% | −14,001,000 |
| 81 | Belgium | 11,712,893 | 41.4 | 87.6% | +41,679,000 |
| 82 | Haiti | 11,637,398 | 23.5 | 54.4% | −31,786,000 |
| 83 | South Sudan | 11,483,374 | 18.0 | 21.1% | +455,000,000 |
| 84 | Jordan | 11,439,214 | 24.3 | 92.7% | −17,445,000 |
| 85 | Dominican Republic | 11,331,266 | 27.7 | 72.4% | −34,915,000 |
| 86 | Cuba | 11,019,930 | 41.7 | 77.1% | −22,797,000 |
| 87 | Czechia | 10,809,716 | 42.7 | 72.7% | −14,638,000 |
| 88 | Honduras | 10,644,851 | 23.5 | 58.3% | −5,044,000 |
| 89 | United Arab Emirates | 10,642,081 | 31.2 | 85.7% | +300,004,000 |
| 90 | Sweden | 10,551,494 | 39.9 | 88.6% | +55,209,000 |
| 91 | Portugal | 10,430,738 | 46.2 | 61.2% | +29,102,000 |
| 92 | Tajikistan | 10,389,798 | 21.9 | 26.2% | −19,999,000 |
| 93 | Papua New Guinea | 10,389,635 | 22.3 | 15.1% | −787,000 |
| 94 | Azerbaijan | 10,318,207 | 32.6 | 58.5% | −84,122,000 |
| 95 | Greece | 10,242,908 | 45.7 | 78.8% | −159,430,000 |
| 96 | Hungary | 9,686,464 | 43.3 | 70.3% | +49,213,000 |
| 97 | Togo | 9,304,338 | 18.8 | 43.2% | −1,997,000 |
| 98 | Israel | 9,256,314 | 29.1 | 91.5% | +9,999,000 |
| 99 | Austria | 9,130,429 | 43.1 | 69.2% | +4,819,000 |
| 100 | Belarus | 9,115,680 | 40.5 | 78.8% | −3,034,000 |
| 101 | Switzerland | 8,870,561 | 42.3 | 85.2% | +45,098,000 |
| 102 | Sierra Leone | 8,460,512 | 19.3 | 44.8% | −4,000,000 |
| 103 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 7,664,992 | 24.3 | 38.8% | −10,003,000 |
| 104 | China, Hong Kong SAR | 7,442,734 | 46.2 | 100.0% | −3,427,000 |
| 105 | Turkmenistan | 7,364,438 | 26.2 | 47.1% | +15,005,000 |
| 106 | Libya | 7,305,659 | 27.2 | 87.9% | −2,001,000 |
| 107 | Kyrgyzstan | 7,073,516 | 25.1 | 34.7% | +5,601,000 |
| 108 | Paraguay | 6,844,146 | 26.3 | 69.3% | −12,500,000 |
| 109 | Nicaragua | 6,823,613 | 25.3 | 59.1% | −7,996,000 |
| 110 | Bulgaria | 6,795,803 | 44.3 | 73.7% | +5,173,000 |
| 111 | Serbia | 6,773,201 | 43.9 | 62.1% | +4,348,000 |
| 112 | El Salvador | 6,309,624 | 27.0 | 74.6% | −23,253,000 |
| 113 | Congo | 6,182,885 | 18.3 | 63.7% | −995,000 |
| 114 | Denmark | 5,948,136 | 41.2 | 88.6% | +31,006,000 |
| 115 | Singapore | 5,789,090 | 35.1 | 100.0% | +26,996,000 |
| 116 | Lebanon | 5,773,492 | 28.3 | 90.5% | −34,193,000 |
| 117 | Finland | 5,601,185 | 42.8 | 74.0% | +38,156,000 |
| 118 | Norway | 5,519,167 | 39.5 | 83.1% | +53,806,000 |
| 119 | Slovakia | 5,518,054 | 41.3 | 53.2% | +4,933,000 |
| 120 | Liberia | 5,493,031 | 18.4 | 55.0% | −5,002,000 |
| 121 | State of Palestine | 5,409,202 | 19.8 | 86.9% | −24,996,000 |
| 122 | Ireland | 5,196,630 | 38.4 | 64.1% | +43,873,000 |
| 123 | New Zealand | 5,172,836 | 37.3 | 83.9% | +21,404,000 |
| 124 | Central African Republic | 5,152,420 | 14.3 | 43.7% | −14,682,000 |
| 125 | Costa Rica | 5,105,526 | 34.1 | 78.9% | +995,000 |
| 126 | Oman | 5,049,269 | 29.3 | 79.6% | +156,285,000 |
| 127 | Mauritania | 5,022,442 | 17.1 | 59.7% | +2,999,000 |
| 128 | Kuwait | 4,838,782 | 34.5 | 100.0% | +50,008,000 |
| 129 | Panama | 4,458,759 | 29.6 | 65.9% | +7,262,000 |
| 130 | Croatia | 3,896,023 | 44.8 | 57.2% | +10,202,000 |
| 131 | Georgia | 3,807,492 | 36.8 | 60.8% | +2,003,000 |
| 132 | Eritrea | 3,470,390 | 18.7 | 34.7% | −15,284,000 |
| 133 | Mongolia | 3,431,932 | 26.8 | 70.4% | +0 |
| 134 | Uruguay | 3,388,080 | 35.8 | 95.5% | −1,501,000 |
| 135 | Puerto Rico | 3,242,022 | 45.3 | 94.2% | +19,833,000 |
| 136 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 3,185,073 | 44.9 | 51.6% | −485,000 |
| 137 | Republic of Moldova | 3,067,070 | 37.8 | 43.0% | −18,570,000 |
| 138 | Qatar | 2,979,082 | 33.2 | 99.3% | +39,995,000 |
| 139 | Namibia | 2,963,095 | 21.0 | 50.0% | +11,675,000 |
| 140 | Armenia | 2,943,393 | 35.8 | 65.7% | +75,000,000 |
| 141 | Lithuania | 2,854,099 | 42.1 | 68.6% | +44,935,000 |
| 142 | Jamaica | 2,839,786 | 31.7 | 58.5% | −10,003,000 |
| 143 | Albania | 2,811,655 | 36.3 | 58.2% | −25,357,000 |
| 144 | Gambia | 2,697,846 | 18.2 | 63.8% | −3,000,000 |
| 145 | Gabon | 2,484,788 | 21.5 | 91.6% | +987,000 |
| 146 | Botswana | 2,480,244 | 22.9 | 67.0% | −6,487,000 |
| 147 | Lesotho | 2,311,472 | 21.4 | 42.7% | −5,168,000 |
| 148 | Guinea-Bissau | 2,153,339 | 18.9 | 45.6% | −1,400,000 |
| 149 | Slovenia | 2,118,396 | 43.9 | 55.5% | +5,339,000 |
| 150 | Latvia | 1,882,396 | 43.1 | 68.4% | +7,966,000 |
| 151 | Equatorial Guinea | 1,847,549 | 21.0 | 71.1% | +3,997,000 |
| 152 | North Macedonia | 1,831,802 | 40.3 | 62.3% | −5,597,000 |
| 153 | Kosovo (under UNSC res. 1244) | 1,700,031 | 31.4 | 49.1% | −28,754,000 |
| 154 | Bahrain | 1,569,666 | 32.9 | 100.0% | +20,002,000 |
| 155 | Trinidad and Tobago | 1,502,932 | 36.7 | 54.0% | +2,126,000 |
| 156 | Timor-Leste | 1,384,286 | 21.0 | 28.6% | −5,620,000 |
| 157 | Estonia | 1,367,196 | 41.9 | 70.7% | +5,717,000 |
| 158 | Cyprus | 1,344,976 | 37.8 | 66.7% | +8,697,000 |
| 159 | Mauritius | 1,273,588 | 36.9 | 39.0% | −2,824,000 |
| 160 | Eswatini | 1,230,506 | 22.0 | 25.8% | −8,549,000 |
| 161 | Djibouti | 1,152,944 | 24.4 | 72.8% | +500,000 |
| 162 | Fiji | 924,146 | 27.7 | 58.6% | −3,289,000 |
| 163 | Réunion | 874,883 | 37.4 | 33.9% | −3,625,000 |
| 164 | Comoros | 850,387 | 20.3 | 33.2% | −2,002,000 |
| 165 | Guyana | 826,353 | 25.6 | 26.5% | −6,161,000 |
| 166 | Solomon Islands | 800,006 | 20.3 | 30.0% | +1,636,000 |
| 167 | Bhutan | 786,385 | 29.4 | 41.7% | +291,000 |
| 168 | China, Macao SAR | 713,912 | 38.3 | 100.0% | +8,807,000 |
| 169 | Luxembourg | 665,098 | 38.9 | 94.8% | +5,905,000 |
| 170 | Montenegro | 633,552 | 39.3 | 65.5% | +12,000,000 |
| 171 | Suriname | 628,886 | 28.1 | 65.8% | −988,000 |
| 172 | Western Sahara | 579,729 | 32.0 | 66.4% | +5,606,000 |
| 173 | Malta | 532,956 | 40.3 | 95.6% | +6,591,000 |
| 174 | Maldives | 525,994 | 31.1 | 41.5% | −2,877,000 |
| 175 | Cabo Verde | 522,330 | 27.9 | 75.9% | −1,226,000 |
| 176 | Brunei Darussalam | 458,949 | 31.8 | 74.8% | +0 |
| 177 | Belize | 411,106 | 25.9 | 41.9% | +595,000 |
| 178 | Bahamas | 399,440 | 34.6 | 81.3% | +1,001,000 |
| 179 | Iceland | 387,558 | 35.8 | 94.2% | +4,630,000 |
| 180 | Guadeloupe | 376,516 | 46.6 | 67.1% | −2,192,000 |
| 181 | Martinique | 346,002 | 48.8 | 67.1% | −3,078,000 |
| 182 | Vanuatu | 320,408 | 20.1 | 22.3% | +0 |
| 183 | Mayotte | 316,015 | 16.8 | 33.9% | +137,000 |
| 184 | French Guiana | 303,402 | 25.2 | 81.5% | −1,091,000 |
| 185 | New Caledonia | 289,870 | 33.9 | 67.8% | +485,000 |
| 186 | Barbados | 282,336 | 38.9 | 59.4% | −80,000 |
| 187 | French Polynesia | 281,118 | 34.8 | 61.7% | −1,348,000 |
| 188 | Sao Tome and Principe | 230,871 | 19.1 | 68.6% | −592,000 |
| 189 | Samoa | 216,663 | 19.9 | 17.5% | −2,810,000 |
| 190 | Curaçao | 185,427 | 38.2 | 91.4% | +518,000 |
| 191 | Saint Lucia | 179,285 | 33.7 | 29.1% | +0 |
| 192 | Guam | 166,506 | 31.1 | 94.1% | −500,000 |
| 193 | Kiribati | 132,530 | 22.7 | 61.5% | −485,000 |
| 194 | Seychelles | 127,951 | 33.7 | 45.1% | +1,809,000 |
| 195 | Grenada | 117,081 | 33.4 | 36.5% | −190,000 |
| 196 | Micronesia (Fed. States of) | 112,630 | 22.9 | 22.4% | −1,134,000 |
| 197 | Aruba | 107,939 | 41.0 | 61.8% | +147,000 |
| 198 | Tonga | 104,598 | 20.7 | 21.1% | −2,173,000 |
| 199 | Jersey | 103,674 | 43.1 | 72.3% | +480,000 |
| 200 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 101,323 | 33.9 | 47.7% | −784,000 |
| 201 | Antigua and Barbuda | 93,316 | 35.5 | 24.5% | +0 |
| 202 | United States Virgin Islands | 85,701 | 44.7 | 95.3% | −444,000 |
| 203 | Isle of Man | 84,165 | 45.7 | 52.2% | +196,000 |
| 204 | Andorra | 80,856 | 43.2 | 88.8% | +1,061,000 |
| 205 | Cayman Islands | 73,038 | 37.9 | 100.0% | +921,000 |
| 206 | Dominica | 66,510 | 35.6 | 73.1% | −199,000 |
| 207 | Bermuda | 64,698 | 45.1 | 100.0% | +0 |
| 208 | Guernsey | 64,017 | 44.0 | 72.3% | +380,000 |
| 209 | Greenland | 55,922 | 34.2 | 88.1% | −318,000 |
| 210 | Faroe Islands | 54,714 | 37.3 | 39.2% | +599,000 |
| 211 | American Samoa | 47,521 | 28.4 | 81.4% | −1,159,000 |
| 212 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 46,758 | 35.3 | 31.7% | +0 |
| 213 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 46,198 | 38.3 | 93.9% | +193,000 |
| 214 | Northern Mariana Islands | 45,143 | 36.1 | 92.0% | −1,321,000 |
| 215 | Sint Maarten (Dutch part) | 42,749 | 41.6 | 100.0% | +567,000 |
| 216 | Liechtenstein | 39,598 | 44.2 | 14.7% | +214,000 |
| 217 | British Virgin Islands | 38,985 | 37.5 | 55.6% | +587,000 |
| 218 | Monaco | 38,956 | 54.4 | 100.0% | +88,000 |
| 219 | Marshall Islands | 38,827 | 20.7 | 78.4% | −1,832,000 |
| 220 | Gibraltar | 38,471 | 38.9 | 100.0% | +689,000 |
| 221 | San Marino | 33,733 | 47.4 | 97.1% | −190,000 |
| 222 | Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba | 29,898 | 39.7 | 67.1% | +820,000 |
| 223 | Saint Martin (French part) | 27,515 | 39.4 | 100.0% | −1,697,000 |
| 224 | Palau | 17,727 | 37.8 | 79.2% | −19,000 |
| 225 | Anguilla | 14,410 | 38.0 | 67.1% | +200,000 |
| 226 | Cook Islands | 14,222 | 35.1 | 61.7% | −558,000 |
| 227 | Nauru | 11,875 | 20.4 | 100.0% | −148,000 |
| 228 | Wallis and Futuna Islands | 11,370 | 37.2 | 61.7% | −107,000 |
| 229 | Saint Barthélemy | 11,085 | 38.8 | 67.1% | +200,000 |
| 230 | Tuvalu | 9,816 | 24.3 | 64.0% | −323,000 |
| 231 | Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 5,681 | 46.4 | — | +0 |
| 232 | Saint Helena | 5,288 | 50.4 | 52.6% | +0 |
| 233 | Montserrat | 4,420 | 41.5 | 67.1% | −12,000 |
| 234 | Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | 3,477 | 41.5 | 81.5% | −21,000 |
| 235 | Tokelau | 2,398 | 26.7 | 61.7% | +73,000 |
| 236 | Niue | 1,817 | 36.6 | 61.7% | +0 |
| 237 | Holy See | 496 | 59.6 | 63.9% | +0 |
Every location the UN publishes is listed, however small. Median age and urban share are the reference-year values.
Questions this page answers
- How is the world population counted?
- The UN assembles national censuses, vital registration and survey estimates into a single series, and publishes an estimate for every country and year. Countries with incomplete registration are estimated, and the UN states the method per country.
- Why do population figures differ between sources?
- Different reference dates, different treatment of refugees and undocumented residents, and revisions after a new census. The differences are usually below 2 %. We use one source consistently and name it on every page.
Now live one
The odds on this page describe populations. The game draws one birth and plays that life forward, year by year, from the same tables.
Data year: 2023